Institutionalized Ritual in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson

Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, is a terrifying, tension filled masterpiece of an ancient human practice set present day America, 1948. Jackson’s dark, short story is about a rural farming village on the east coast, who, like other villages around them, conduct a yearly â€Å"lottery.† It begins in the town square in the month of June, where the schoolchildren are gathering stones while awaiting the arrival of their respective families. When the lottery is formally started, roll call is initiated followed by that particular person walking up to the â€Å"black box† and removing a slip of paper without looking at it. Once the names of all the villagers are called, everyone looks at their own slips of paper, even the woman and children. The villager with the black circle is the winner of that year’s lottery and as such, is chosen to die by stoning from the other villagers. It is important to note that The Lottery is written just after World War II, in the years following the holocaust. Jackson moves to reconstruct how Germans, at the time, were able to turn a blind eye and accept a barbaric act of purging their neighbors as a societal norm. The reaction to this short story made Shirley Jackson famous; she set off emotional waves coast to coast of hatred and denial in regards to the meaning of the text. Through a Marxism analysis, it is easier to understand how a society as a whole accepts an institutionalized ritual as a part of everyday life. Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery was publishedShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Luck In The Lottery And The Rocking Horse Winner1514 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Thesis Statement This paper will examine the theme of luck in both The Lottery and The Rocking Horse Winner and show how in both narratives good luck and bad luck are excuses for good and bad decisions. Outline Introduction The Theme of Luck How Both Stories Use the Theme of Luck to Unearth the Real Causes of Tragedy in Peoples Lives The Lottery and Institutionalized Stoning The Sinful Nature of Men The Inversion of the Golden Rule Mrs. Hutchinsons Death Whose Fault?

Cinderella Man Free Essays

I am James J. Braddock. They call me the Cinderella Man. We will write a custom essay sample on Cinderella Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now The archetype of all who followed. I was born and raised in New York’s infamous hell’s kitchen. I have always dreamt of defying insurmountable odds. Yet I haven’t always done it on the coliseum called Madison Square Garden just a couple of blocks here from West 48th street. My boxing career had its up’s and down’s. You might be thinking why I was raised in hell’s kitchen but my name doesn’t sound like an American. Yes, I am Irish yet my family wasn’t affluent just like most Irish immigrants in America. My parents weren’t capable of sending me in a catholic private school. Play football for Knute Rockne’s Fighting Irish of Notre Dame? Tough luck! The only way I would be admitted in that private school is to rob a bank. But that’s not the right way of doing things. That’s not the way I do things. I thrive in adversity. I didn’t earn my nickname for nothing. I earned my monicker the hard way, and believe me it was no fairy tale. From a poor local fighter in New York to the heavyweight champion of the world, do you think it was a fairy tale? I gave up boxing for quite some time. I had to. The crisis known as the Great Depression has engulfed and overwhelmed the country and its people. It was survival of the fittest and the removal of the unfit. I had to do a bevy of blue-collar jobs just to provide food on the table for my family. â€Å"Family comes first. Boxing can wait.† I said to myself. Yet I never stopped dreaming on how to return to boxing and realizing my dream. I always asked myself: how would someone like me perform a feat like that when people are overwhelmed by grief and sadness? America was bleak and desolate. Was I America? No. I am Braddock. James Braddock is from hell’s kitchen. One day, I had a chance to show the world what I can do inside the ring again. I was pitted with the ranked tow contender for they heavyweight champion of the world. I must admit, those sly promoters saw me as a mere punching bag just to get the show going. After a few minutes, the second best boxer in the world was kissing the floor of the ring, and I was standing there with my arms raised by the astounded referee while the amazed crowd threw a deafening set of applause. There was hope after all in this Great Depression. They gave me hope. I gave them hope as well. My Humble Beginnings When I reached 21 in 1926, I decided to turn pro. Ii wasn’t easy for a neophyte boxer like me. I had my first break in the light heavy weight division, and after a couple of wins and losses, I had the chance to fight the champ – Tommy Loughran. It didn’t go well for me. I was considered the underdog. Loughran pummelled me in a heartbreaking 15-round decision that ended with my defeat. The loss made me question myself. I drowned in depression because my right hand which I considered my bestfriend was severely fractured. And as if it couldn’t get any worse, America was on the verge of being defeated as well. In 1929, the stock market crashed and the world saw a dramatic economic downfall. A plethora of industries and its exportation of goods by countries were affected. Rural areas and the farming industry were hit hard. Cities like New York halted all construction and industrial business affairs were on the brink of massive employee lay-offs. The Big Apple was being rotten by the Great Depression (Estate of James J. Braddock, 2008) I didn’t let the Great Depression overwhelm me. I thought that one man can make a difference in this period of grief and despair. I had to pull myself and my family from being engulfed by this God-damned depression. I had to give up boxing and worked as a longshoreman. During my stint as a longshoreman, I developed increased strength on my left hand which I frequently use rather than my right hand. My right hand was my bestfriend, but my left hand was my pride. Like when I returned the money which we received from the government which was inspired by the Catholic Worker Movement to aid the homeless and starving at that time. Homeless? I returned the relief money to them. Call it whatever you want. Pride? Perhaps for you it was. But for me it was more than pride. If I received any monetary help from anyone without working for it, I considered myself a loser. In 1934, my luck changed and I had huge upset victories against Corn Griffin and John Henry Lewis. God was indeed good. This paved the way for my greatest bout ever. A match against the heavyweight champion of the world – Max Baer (Howard, 2005). My Sweetest Victory: Max Baer After I downed Griffin and Lewis in 1934, people began calling me the Cinderella Man. My huge comeback to boxing was much celebrated than any sports event in the country. On March 22, 1935, I had again the chance to redeem myself to the world. Art Lansky was supposed to have a title bout against world heavyweight champion Max Baer. Lansky was too clumsy to break his nose just before the bout. I was the replacement (Howard, 2005). Baer, from what I heard is brutal and relentless whether inside or outside the ring. The guy almost killed two of his opponents. Is he human? I kid myself. Baer already killed a man in the ring, by the name of Frankie Campbell. I didn’t believe he intended to kill Campbell though. I’ve always believe that all men who thrive in violence has always a hint of a funny bone in himself. Specially in this Great Depression, a joke can always command victory over a sea of tears. Before the fight, I overheard Baer’s handlers who boasted that they picked me to be the replacement because they thought I was a walk-in-the-park opponent for Baer. I was irked. â€Å"Braddock is no loser.† I told myself. I’m tired of losing. I had to fight like its breathing. I had to box for my family. I had to breathe for them. After this thought fuelled my enraged mind, I suddenly found myself inside the ring with Baer. Waiting for the bell to ring, I pondered on how I got here and remembered what I’m here for. â€Å"Ding!† The bell rang. It was the linchpin for this slugfest of two pugs. But it wasn’t a mere bout for me. It was redemption. We exchanged blows and traded punches. I retaliated with spirit. After a few minutes, I saw myself standing again. And Baer was kissing the ring pavement. I saw the millions of people giving me the applause I yearned for years. Then I realized this wasn’t my victory alone. This was America’s victory. I am the Cinderella Man.   The archetype of all who followed. References Howard,Ron.(2005). Cinderella Man. Estate of James J. Braddock. (2008). Biography of James J. Braddock. Retrieved February 10,2008, from http://www.jamesjbraddock.com/                                                                                                                                           How to cite Cinderella Man, Essay examples

Coca Cola - Business Corporate Governance Case Study

Question: Describe about the Business Corporate Governance for Coca Cola? Answer: Introduction: Coca Cola is providing its customer varieties of flavours with the position of number one and Fanta, sprite and Diet Coke at number three. Coca Cola also operates worlds most pervading distribution systems. More than 200 countries across the globe it offers nearly 400 products on beverage. Corporate governance refers to the method, processes and relation through which the corporate control their functions. It aims at identifying the allotment of rights and responsibilities amongst the different stature of the corporate level. They include the managers, creditors, shareholders, auditors etc. It includes objectives and plans through which the set goals are achieved. Governance includes policy making, taking actions and then evaluating the decisions and actions. Corporate governance practices are influenced when a need to align with the interest of the stakeholder arises. Company Background: The well-known Company Coca Cola is worlds most renowned and number one company for making soft drinks. Every dayCoca Cola sells 1.3 billion beverages. The red-white trade mark is the well-known brand symbol all over the world. Since the foundation of Coca Cola, its head quarter is in Atlanta. Coca Cola is providing its customer varieties of flavours with the position of number one and Fanta, sprite and Diet Coke at number three. Coca Cola also operates worlds most pervading distribution systems. More than 200 countries across the globe it offers nearly 400 products on beverage. There are sales about 70 percent, which are produced outside North-America. Revenues broke down as the under mentioned manner(Baye, 2000): Country Revenue Middle east, Europe and Eurasia Revenue of 31% Asia Revenue of 24 % North America Revenue of 30 % Latin America (included Mexico) Revenue of 10% Africa Revenue of 4% There are various products, such as carbonated beverage (Baraqs, Fresca, Cherry and vanilla cock); Sports drinks (Aquarius), juice drinks and Juices (e.g. Maaza, Bibo etc.); bottled waters , Teas, andCoffees. Even the company have the rights Dr. Pepper, crush brands and Canada dry outside the North America, Australia and Europe. Development of Coca Colas is credited to adeptness in four areas- Infrastructure, consumer marketing, Customer or vendor marketing and product packaging. Coca Cola did not become suddenly successful. During the first year existence of product, it made only $50 in sales. By 1891, Asa G. Candler, a successful druggistowned the whole enterprise. Candlerinfused the enterprise with an excellent business sense. Under Candlers valuable leadership, which lasted 26 year period, the coca cola brought up quickly. By 1905, the syrup was totally free form cocaine(Brownsell, 2011). There was a deal to conquest the Quaker Oats company for $15.75 billion, in November 2000. The shareholders of the company elect the Board and this election aims at the overall success and strengthening the financial growth of the company. All the decision related to the company are taken by the board. The board of directors have framed the guideline to effective governance. The Coca Cola is having it board, where it is having seven committees; they are known as- Compensation, audit, corporate governance and directors, finance, executive, management development, diversity review and public issues. The board can establish committees in additional according to the necessity(Colley, 2003). The board of directors elects one of boards members annually to serve as t boards chairman. The chairman should supervise all the meetings of the share owners and of the board. Chairman will perform other duties do some exercise of his powers, as prescribed in laws prescribed by the board in timely manner. Its corporate governance includes objectives and plans through which the set goals are achieved. Governance includes policy making, taking actions and then evaluating the decisions and actions. Corporate governance practices are influenced when a need to align with the interest of the stakeholder arises (Collier, 2014). Corporate Governance at Coca Cola: The Coca Cola Company is perpetrated to very good corporate governance. It promotes long-term interests of its shareholders; it braces board and management accountability and constructs the trust of the public on the company. The shareholders of the company elect the Board and this election aims at the overall success and strengthening the financial growth of the company. Board takes all the decisions related to the company. The board of directors have framed the guideline to effective governance(Daver and Demirel, 2012). Guiding Principles for Corporate Governance at Coca Cola: The board of the Coca Cola Company have adopted many guiding principles to make successful corporate governance these are(Investors et al., 2015): Mission of the board and the responsibilities lie upon the Directors: The shareholders elect board of directors and this election aims at the overall success and encouraging the financial strength of the organization. The board is responsible for taking all the strategic decisions of the company. The board do the selection of members of the senior management team who are responsible for carrying out the business of the company. The interest of the shareholders lies in the active judgement of the business activities, which would best serve all the functions of the company. The board give advices and guides the senior management and Chief Executive Officer. It safeguards the company assets; the sustainability of the internal and financial controls of the company is the prime focus of the board. In this regard the compliance to rules and regulation is mandatory. The directors of the company may seek help from the senior managers, advisors and auditors from outside. The selection of auditors and advisors from outside requires integrity and skills. The boar d has the right to select financial and legal advisors from outside as per the need of the Coca Cola Company. The directors need to attend all the meetings held by committees. The directors are mandated to devote their time and efforts for the fulfilment of their duties. The board is directed to hold 5 meeting in a year without fail. The chairperson of the board sets the agenda. The directors can contribute the inclusion of topics to be discussed. Such meetings are deemed to take place every year. In executive sessions of the board, non-management directors need to meet (Fritz, Kaestner and Bergmann, 2010). Leadership of the board: The board may alter the position of the executives after every financial year as per the needs of the business. The board considers relevant factors before doing so. A description of the board`s view for choosing its leadership structure is shown in the annual meeting of its share holders. At least there will be one executive session in order include a review of the boards leadership structure among the non-management directors to determine the post of the chairman of the board. chief executive officer elects the chair man of the board. The board of directors elects one of its members annually to serve as the chairman of the board. The chairman of the board needs supervise all the meetings of the share owners and of the board. Chairman will perform other duties do some exercise of his powers, as prescribed in laws prescribed by the board in timely manner(Fritz, Kaestner and Bergmann, 2010). There comes a belief that an independent directors needs to elect a independent lead director for one year. Though the lead director is annually elected in order to serve for one year, it may be expected to serve more than one year(Kaen, 2003). Qualificationsof Director: Directors can be nominatedby the share owners or by the boardas per the agreement by laws. The committee of corporate government and directors will make review over all nominees for board. They also include proposed nominees of share owners, in agreement with its charter. Assessment includes review of nominees independence, experience and understanding about the other industries and company and other such factors which are concluded by the committee are applicable as per the current needs of the board. There is a belief raised within the board, which allows determining to nominees are given invitation to join the board. Boards chairman may expand boards invitation to join the board (Kim and Nofsinger, 2007). Director tenure and term: In agreement with the laws, directors are chosen for one year. The board never believes about any limits established on the number of terms served by the director. The terms may impose the limitation, which causes the loss of expertise and experience vital for the board operation. Directors, who served on board for an expanded period of time can provide valuable deep view into the future and the operations related to the company based on their understanding and experience of the companys objections and history. Determination of independence: The board should consist of independent directors. To make the independent determination, the board will observe all the requirements which are applicable, the requirements include standards for the corporate governance listening, which is recognized by the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange). The board will consider all the related circumstances and facts to determine the independence carefully. Having consideration of the independent is the purpose of imposing standards on the director qualification, 1) it is needed to meet the standards of the bright-line independence under NYSE listening standards. 2) The board should positively determine that the director does not have other kind of material relationship with anything related to company, directly or being an officer, partner or as a share owner of an organization that have close attachment with the company(Lyu and Pae, 2003). Board committees: The board is having seven committees; they are known as- Compensation, audit, corporate governance and directors, finance, executive, management development, diversity review and public issues. The board can establish committees in additional according to the necessity. The Committee of corporate governance and directors annually reviews the present recommendation and composition of each of the standing committee for committee membership to the board as per the need. There are no existence of strict changes and committee rotation policy in committee assignments. The committee assignments are made upon the basic needs of the committee, experience, availability, director interest and applicable legal consideration and regulatory. There are the independent directors, who are solely responsible to serve the audit committee o corporate governance and directors(Mallath, 2006). Each one of the standing committees has a its own charter, which sets forward the committee responsibilities, the procedures and qualification and every time committee will report to board. Each of the community will evaluate itself annually. The chairman of those committees will settle on the frequency of the committee meetings, maintenance of the consistency with the need of the company and with the committees charter. Director can have access to the information, Employees and officers: Directors have free and full right to use details about employees, officers and the related files, books and the all individual records related to company. Any contact or meetings that the director wants to initialize may get arrangement through the secretary, director or by the chief executive officer. The directors need to use their judgement to ensure that there may not have any such contact troublemaking for companys operations. The Board wants regular attendance of the non-board members at board meetings, who are there in companys most senior management position. The chairman of the board can make extension on such invitations(Monks and Minow, 2004). Counting Education and director orientation: All the new directors need to participate in companys orientation program, which must be accomplished as soon as possible after the meeting, where election to chose new director takes place. This orientation includes presentation by senior management, so that he can do familiarization of companys strategic and business plans to newly appointed directors. Chairman and chief executive officers annual performance evaluation: The board will evaluate annually to make sure about the chief executive officer and chairman of the board is able toprovide the a good leadership to the company . The board will evaluate performance of the chair man and chief executive officer of the board in an executive session among the non-management directors. The lead independent director led all program. The compensation committee will do the measurement of the performances of the chairman and the chief executive officer according to their determined objective and goals to be achieved and also considers the evaluation of the board as a whole(Roberts, 2008). Successful outcome within Management: The board will determine the principles and policies to perform the chief executive officer selection and the policies regarding progression in the result of a retirement of a chief executive officer or of an emergency. The board will oversee the development of the senior management and progression planning for the senior positions, using the given input from the management development committee(SRENSEN and PETERSEN, 2012). Director compensation: The committee determines director compensation amount on the director and then recommendation is donewith the committee charter to the board as a whole. Thecorporate governancecommittee and the fees and the responsibilities of the director should take into consideration compared to the other corporation or to the company. Stock of the company is an key portion of director compensation. Board relations and interactions with the outside interested parties: There is a belief in the board that the management act as a speaker for the company. with the request of the management, board members can come for a meeting individually or communicate with various constituencies, which have kept involvement with the company. Where boards comments are appropriate, are normally come from the chairman(Tollison et al., 1993). Recommendation for the improvement: In this section an identification of those future challenges faced by Coca-Cola are explored. These challenges may impose negative impression on the market share and Coca-Colas long term profitability. Hence recommendations are here to turn the challenges into opportunities. Declination of sales volume in the sector of soft drink: William Pecoriello, who is analyst of beverage industry from Morgan Stanley and co., predicted the category of CSD (carbonated soft drink). Due to the CSD category, the present amount of teens are tends become the lost generation. According to his latest survey of 1, 550 consumers, consumers index lie between the ages of 16-35. According to his view the US Carbonated Soft Drink segment is more likely to stay under pressure. He mentioned a forecast for a declination of 1.5 % volume for the Carbonated Soft Drink segmentannually. In theCoca-Colas major market of US, CSDs volume sale of (Carbonated Soft Drink) dropped more than 8 percent in 5 subsequent years, from 2005- 2009, with 0.2 percent in 2005, 0.6 percent in 2006, 2.3 percent in 2007 and 2008 with 3 percent and 2009 with 2.1 percent. It is more likely the decreasingscenario of volume (Why Coca Cola has lost its fizz, 2006). If Coca-Cola keeps focusing on CSD sector competitively, it will deteriorate or Coca-Cola will lose the leader in market of beverage industry. Coca-Cola can bring its focus more on the noncarbonated drinks, bottled water (which are coming as product under coca cola now a day) and more especially the energy drinks. In the year of 2006, energy drinks increased its sell at rate of 50%. In the year of 2010, there was a growth of 10 percent on energy drinks. Healthy drinks and energy drinks will be the most popular beverage for the new generation of health conscious customer and young consumers(Yuvaraju, Subramanyam and Rao, 2014). Conclusion: Coca Cola did not become suddenly successful. During the first year existence of product, it made only $50 in sales. By 1891, Asa G. Candler, a successful druggist owned the whole enterprise. Candler infused the enterprise with an excellent business sense. Under Candlers valuable leadership, which lasted 26 year period, the coca cola brought up quickly. By 1905, the syrup was totally free form cocaine (Brownsell, 2011). The shareholders of the company elect the Board and this election aims at the overall success and strengthening the financial growth of the company. All the decision related to the company are taken by the board. The board of directors have framed the guideline to effective governance. References: Baye, M. (2000).Managerial economics business strategy. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Being delicious and being happy. (2006). Strategic Direction, 22(7), pp.27-29. Brownsell, A. (2011). Making Cokes brand fizz (Coca-Colas future marketing plans in the context of its 125th anniversary).Strategic Direction, 27(10). Colley, J. (2003). Corporate governance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Collier, K. (2014). A Case Study on Corporate Peace: The Coca-Cola Company: Coke Studio Pakistan. Business, Peace and Sustainable Development, 2014(2), pp.75-94. Collier, K. (2014). A Case Study on Corporate Peace: The Coca-Cola Company: Coke Studio Pakistan. Business, Peace and Sustainable Development, 2014(2), pp.75-94. Daver, F. and Demirel, B. (2012).An Energy Saving Approach in the Manufacture of Carbonated Soft Drink Bottles.Procedia Engineering, 49, pp.280-286. Fritz, K., Kaestner, M. and Bergmann, M. (2010). Coca-Cola Enterprises invests in on-boarding at the front lines to benefit the bottom line. Glob. Bus. Org. Exc., 29(4), pp.15-22. Ifc.org, (2015).About Corporate Governance. [online] Available at: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/Topics_Ext_Content/IFC_External_Corporate_Site/Corporate+Governance [Accessed 8 Mar. 2015]. Investors, Company, Page, Brands, Videos, Sustainability, Innovation, History, Music, Unbottled, 100, EKOCENTER, Africa, #cokestyle, Connections, Recipes, PlantBottle, Company, Company, Mission, V., System, Workplace, Rights, Leadership, Rankings, History, Reports, Foundation, Report, Investors, Investors, Review, Information, Information, Events, Information, Governance, Filings, Center, Center, Releases, Statements, Articles, Library, Library, Contacts, Careers, Careers, Are, Here, Opportunities, Areas, People, Us, Us, FAQs, Australia, Deutschland, Espaa, Italia, (Japan), and Franais, (2015). Corporate Governance - The Coca-Cola Company. [online] The Coca-Cola Company. Available at: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/investors/corporate-governance [Accessed 8 Mar. 2015]. Kaen, F. (2003).A blueprint for corporate governance. New York: AMACOM. Kim, K. and Nofsinger, J. (2007).Corporate governance. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Lyu, M. and Pae, Y. (2003). Bottom design of carbonated soft drink poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottle to prevent solvent cracking. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(5), pp.1145-1152. Mallath, M. (2006). Re: Carbonated Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98(9), pp.644-645. Monks, R. and Minow, N. (2004).Corporate governance. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub. Roberts, I. (2008). Corporate capture and Coca-Cola.The Lancet, 372(9654), pp.1934-1935. SRENSEN, N. and PETERSEN, K. (2012).Corporate Capitalism or Coca-Colonisation?Economic Interests, Cultural Concerns, Tax Policies and Coca-Cola in Denmark from 1945 to the Early 1960s.Contemporary European History, 21(04), pp.597-617. Tollison, R., Muris, T., Scheffman, D. and Spiller, P. (1993).Strategy, Structure, and Antitrust in the Carbonated Soft-Drink Industry.The Business History Review, 67(4), p.668. Veale, D. (1996). Mentoring and coaching as part of a human resource development strategy: an example at Coca Cola Foods. Leadership Org Development J, 17(3), pp.16-20. Why Coca Cola has lost its fizz. (2006). Strategic Direction, 22(1), pp.19-21. Yuvaraju, D., Subramanyam, D. and Rao, P. (2014). Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola at Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt.Ltd. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(6), pp.122-131.